在18世紀的工業革命之前,
位於東歐亞的中國,是全球貿易的主導者。
為何明清時代的嚴厲海禁,
會成為推動東歐亞圈貿易活絡的關鍵?
超越以往中國通史的朝代框架,
以「海洋史觀」x「全球體系論」首創東歐亞的區域概念,
重新評價這段五百年的明清帝國海洋史。
★【專文導讀】東華大學歷史系副教授╱蔣竹山
一改歐洲觀點的霸道史觀,重寫征服、開發、文明化的西方論點,
•一名船醫建立起百年老字號怡和洋行,
•失控的鹽制度和掃蕩沿海走私,明朝鹽商只能變身倭寇頭子。
•明朝承認與外國交易的互市,
•鄭芝龍的海上霸權,源自十七世紀日本幕府頒布海禁。
◎專制就是封閉?保守就是停滯?
歐洲優越主義已經崩解,大海洋史觀才是二十一世紀的論史主流!
一直以來,西方史學界對於中國明清時代的評論都不佳,
然而以往的評論觀點,都是以「陸地」出發,如今,
◎從國家到地區,當帝國本身的制度跨區發展之後
作者上田信是中國改革開放後、
這個拓展過程到了元朝之後,
◎鄭和下西洋、女真崛起,
除了以截然不同的面相與論點,
自元末至鴉片戰爭,
Clerk (or) Clark, Esqre.," held the appointment ; he was son to Sir Wm. Clarke, :1 sort of Secretary-at-War, and does not appear to have been bred up to the law. In Ireland the post was held from 1635 to 1637 by W. Clerke, J.C.B., E.
... and, judging by the strange new media venues, "Saturday Night Live," "Donahue," and gossip columnist Lany King's radio and television call-in shows on which 1992's Losing 245.
His stature within the party leadership would suffer a significant blow at the Cleveland convention . Although both Lodge and Coolidge came from Massachusetts , they represented very different elements in their state's Republican party ...
(英)玛丽奥特, 李菲. 疆域达到了最大,罗德岛、塞浦路斯和安纳托利亚西南岸上都是他们的地盘。迈锡尼人还将克里特文字变成了一种希腊文,翻译过来的文字显示,迈锡尼人也信仰一些古典希腊的神灵,如海神波塞冬、太阳神阿波罗和主神宙斯。
★ 《人類大歷史》作者哈拉瑞盛讚:「深具啟發、精彩好看!」 ★ 2017年《華盛頓郵報》最佳非虛構類寫作圖書 ★ 2017年美國國家公共廣播平台(NPR)年度好書 ...
Anna J. Cooper , A Voice from the South , 1892 Anna Julia Cooper , A Voice from the South ( Xenia , Ohio : The Aldine Printing House , 1892 ) : 134-135 , 138–140 , 142–145 . The book may be accessed from the Internet ...
This book is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS series. The creators of this series are united by passion for literature and driven by the intention of making all public domain books available in printed format again - worldwide.
... inhabitants are greatly Exposd . to the Saviges by whome our wives and Childring are daly Cruily murdered Notwithstanding our most Humble Petitions Canot Obtain Redress- By an other act we are Taxd . which in our 398 APPENDICES .
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.
Supreme Court Justices ( continued ) Name * Years on Court Appointing President John Marshall Harlan William J. Brennan , Jr. Charles E. Whittaker Potter Stewart Byron R. White Arthur J. Goldberg Abe Fortas Thurgood Marshall WARREN E.