羅馬帝國衰亡史第一卷: The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire(Volume I)

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 那是在羅馬，１７６４年１０月１５日，我坐在卡庇多神殿山的廢墟上沈思，忽然傳來神殿裡赤腳僧的晚禱聲，我的心中首度浮出寫作這座城市衰亡的想法。 ──吉朋 

《羅馬帝國衰亡史》上下縱橫一千三百年，洋洋灑灑六大冊，在吉朋的心裡，他想做的是一個從理性、批判的角度去建構歷史系統的人，「運用修辭的力量，只為了把歷史事件間的關係環節講清楚」。 
全書涵蓋三大重點：一是羅馬帝國的政經軍事文化與社會生活，帝國的擴張與防衛、內部元老院和皇帝的權力拔河，二是蠻族入侵與其間之重大戰爭，三是基督教的發展，政教之爭，回教興起和十字軍東征等。 
本書最重要主題之一：文治武功壯盛且又疆域廣袤的羅馬帝國究竟因何由盛而衰亡？從吉朋的眼中看來，至少有以下諸因： 
羅馬帝國擁有紀律嚴明的龐大軍團，但強大的軍事力量也不可避免地帶來了軍人干政，軍人不僅介入帝位繼承，造成動亂，「幾乎每個朝代的替換，都起於篡奪者之叛逆與謀害」。 
經濟和人口也是衰亡的主要原因。戰爭和瘟疫使得人力不足，蠻族於是大量遷入。羅馬帝國既無法同化日耳曼等蠻族，當這些蠻族構成羅馬帝國官兵，進而成為皇帝時，帝國已名存實亡。 
經濟衰退來自於水士流失和奴?制度致使農業破產，奢侈的生活方式造成貴重金屬流向東方，貨幣貶值。資本因重稅而公有，生產力下降，無法負擔帝國生活時，羅馬也就隨之崩潰。 
《羅馬帝國衰亡史》出版後傳誦兩百年迄今不衰，其文學光采與史學成就同樣為後人稱誦。

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