Very few volumes on competitive strategy deal with the peculiarity of developing country environments. Fewer still try to bring public policy and business policy together in a way that provides a holistic framework for evaluating strategic decision options. This study is about decision-making, and rivalry between business enterprises in emerging markets. It is also about how the social, political and economic environments affect how these businesses make decisions. The author drawing on his experience in government and industry, uses Nigeria as a case study, addressing the causes of Nigeria's prolonged economic stagnation and how this has affected business performance.