Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are being considered worldwide with great interest and expectation. Proposals to create agreements in which beneficiaries of environmental services pay landowners directly for the provision or protection of these services are innovative and promising. But what real PES experiences are actually out there? This work assesses a range of PES or PES-type experiences in one country, Bolivia, in the fields of carbon sequestration, protection of watershed services, biodiversity and aesthetic landscape values. The report concludes that while none of the generally young initiatives adhere fully to the principle of PES as developed in the theoretical literature, many experiment with some of the relevant PES mechanisms. Protection of watersheds and landscape values are the most common types, though the implementing intermediaries often have underlying biodiversity-protection goals. Main obstacles to PES implementation include ideological resistance against the PES concept, the difficulty of building trust between buyers and sellers, and limited willingness to pay on behalf of service users. During their relatively short lifetime, basically all initiatives had been successful in making service sellers (PES recipients) better off in economic terms, while the effectiveness in achieving environmental objectives and securing positive social impacts so far remained more variable. In some cases, redesigning these initiatives to bring them closer to the full PES principles could also enable them to more effectively achieve positive environmental and livelihood outcomes.
With more than 200 photographs and an extensive text, Tracks in the Forest describes in detail the first logging equipment of the late 19th century, and the technological developments of the 1920s-30s and 1950s-60s -- the forerunners of 90% ...
A series of clues and striking illustrations detail how to identify a variety of pawprints found in the woodlands. Ages 6-10
Fresh tracks could mean a run-in with a grizzly! This aggressive bear is fiercely protective of its cubs and always ready to stand its ground. After reading this book, the roar of a grizzly will send shivers down your spine!
Coming off the disaster on the Monongahela , Jacob Murray and his young friend Joshua return to Fort Cumberland under the command of George Washington.
... forest elephants is correlated with proximity to trails, and trail intersections are often created around large fruit trees (Blake & Inkamba-Nkulu, 2004). Follows of fresh tracks on trails show that forest elephants rarely browse when ...
Livingston and Hoffman wore coats and ties; Edwards greeted them in his standard dashiki, beads, and black beret. “We wanted to find out what it was all about,” Hoffman said. “There was no way we'd be boycotting, but we said we'd make a ...
Animal tracks and sounds identify a variety of forest animals.
... Fresh tracks in the forest: assessing incipient payments for environmental service initiatives in Bolivia', mimeo. Robles, Francesca (2011), 'Carbon rights in REDD+: the case of Mexico', available at: www.REDD-net.org (accessed 18 March ...
Many vintage books such as this are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this volume now in a modern, high-quality edition complete with the original artwork and text.
... fresh tracks among the snow-crusted oak leaves, I followed them as quietly as I could, constantly scanning ahead, waiting and watching before moving on. At the top of the hill, the track became more confusing. A main deer run ran the ...