為什麼這麼荒謬還有人信？揭開你我選擇相信與拒絕相信的心理學
- ISBN-10
- 986477851X
- ISBN-13
- 9789864778515
- Category
- Psychology / Statistics
- Language
- Chinese
- Published
- 2020-07-07
- Publisher
- 商周出版
- Author
- 雨果‧梅西耶
Description
#假新聞 #疫情假消息 #事實查核 #洗腦 #網軍帶風向 人，其實沒有那麼好騙！ 宗教神棍真的能讓廣大信眾甘願奉獻一切？ 網路謠言真的能輕易操縱鄉民風向？ 選擇相信的人不是因為愚昧，而是符合個人最佳利益！ 一本破解人們分析與判斷訊息背後的心理機制！ 路邊想借錢搭車的可憐人，標題聳動的內容農場文章 宣稱誇大神效的商品廣告，政客畫出天花亂墜的大餅…… ◆為什麼這麼荒謬還會有人信？ →不是好騙，是因為符合我們的基本直覺、呼應我們的根本焦慮！ 1853年英國制定了強制接種疫苗法案，引發如火如荼的反疫苗運動； 疫情與危機期間謠言滿天飛，是因為危機使人對以前不感興趣的話題感到好奇， 而且這種恐懼非常符合人性直覺，相信它不會造成實質的嚴重後果！ ◆為什麼共產主義這麼好洗腦？ →不是好騙，而是經過理性判斷後符合自身利益！ 4400名美國戰俘中，只有23名在韓戰後叛國投向中國， 而且這些人還不是完全心悅誠服，只是因為害怕回國後面臨懲處， 與中國軍方合作反而能帶來某種程度的保障！ ◆為什麼先知這麼容易煽動人心？ →不是好騙，而是基於更實際的考量！ 1850年代，南非牧民科薩人中出現一位強大的占卜者， 宣稱只要農民殺死所有牛隻、燒毀所有作物，就可以獲得富足的生活。 很多人居然如此照做，但其實是因為當時牛隻的傳染病無法解決， 氣候異常也使得作物容易枯萎，照做反而最符合邏輯與理性！ ◆為什麼奈及利亞騙局這麼容易令人上勾？ →不是好騙，越荒謬越顯示了上勾的人寥寥無幾！ 「我手上有一大筆錢，只要匯點手續費就能分一杯羹，讓你獲得上百倍報酬」， 這種荒謬的奈及利亞詐騙雖然是低成本地濫發訊息， 但是回覆與溝通都需要耗費高度人力， 因此越誇張的布局，才能在一開始就剔除心懷警覺的非目標對象！ 本書說明了我們如何決定自己可以信任的人與事物，並指出我們其實相當擅長做出這些決定。 在這本生動有趣的書中，認知心理學家雨果‧梅西耶（Hugo Mercier）指出，幾乎所有試圖進行大規模說服的嘗試， 無論是宗教領袖、政治家還是廣告商，幾乎都慘遭失敗！他借鑒了政治科學、歷史甚至人類學的最新發現， 指出人類容易輕信一切是種錯誤的陳述，大眾其實沒那麼容易被煽動者和騙子誤導。 為什麼說服這麼難？作者利用實驗心理學的最新發現，展示我們每個人如何被賦予「開放性警覺」（open vigilance）的複雜認知機制。 這些機制計算出各種線索，使我們能夠防範有害的信念，同時在有正確證據的情況下開放心胸，做好改變主意的準備。 甚至當我們接受了謠言或遭到庸醫蒙騙時，這也是在其他方面運轉良好的認知機制中的錯誤罷了。 透過本書，你將知道人們如何決定要相信什麼， 理解廣告、傳教、選舉宣傳甚至謠言和假新聞如何擴散與滲透， 以及──你會不會選擇相信這本書！
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