A growing number of researchers, policy makers, and land managers are recognizing the need to develop a better understanding of social complexity and local social context in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Local social context and by extension, social complexity, are not static, however. An increasing number of people are immigrating to WUI communities, bringing with them different land use practices, values, and differing levels of knowledge about the landscapes into which they are moving. In some cases, these demographic shifts can result in conflict. In some others, they can result in a diminishment or strengthening of a community's ability to adapt to wildfire. In any case, it is important to understand the role that social characteristics, which include the demographic composition of a community, play in the ability of communities across the WUI landscape to 'live with fire.'.