Atheism: Atheist Organizations and Activism What are the main beliefs of atheism? Why secular humanism can do what atheism can't. what is the difference between an atheist and secular humanism? This study shows how their judiciary battles ensured the clarification and galvanization of the First Amendment's Establish Clause, how they challenged the Protestant domination of government institutions, and helped to reveal a schism within Protestant churches between progressive and conservative factions.