in the establishment of prey preference in juvenile cuttlefish may depend on different rules than those in avoidance learning.85 In the chick, it has been shown that memories supporting imprinting preferences and those consecutive to ...
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The study of learning and memory using Drosophila melanogaster has evolved across four broad areas of investigation: genetics, biochemistry/molecular biology, neuroanatomy, and systems neuroscience.
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The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes.
In 1984, Hawkins and Kandel published a seminal paper titled “Is There a Cell-Biological Alphabet for Simple Forms of Learning?” Based on their early findings of the cooperative regulation of adenylyl cyclase in sensory neurons of ...
This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity.
A robot that senses and interacts autonomously with the real world can be used to embody specific hypotheses about the mechanisms of learning in invertebrates.
The pioneering work of J. Z. Young, M. J. Wells, and colleagues confirmed that a specific structure in the brain of the modern cephalopods, the vertical lobe, is involved in their highly sophisticated behaviors.
The behavioral phenomenon of extinction resembles the decrease of a conditioned behavior when animals experience the presentation of a previously reinforced stimulus.
We consider issues of social learning in insect societies.
Mathematical models and computer simulations play important roles in developing a better understanding of learning and memory mechanisms.
There are two kinds of activity—reactivity and initiating activity. If in a special situation, the animal’s repertoire contains a behavior with sufficiently positive inferred outcome and this is activated, it is called a reaction.
In this review, we (1) explore the evolution of individual recognition in paper wasps, including the selective pressures thought to shape the origin and maintenance of individual recognition; (2) discuss the extent of memory for specific ...
Invertebrate Learning and Memory
Appetitive associative conditioning in the honeybee Apis mellifera provides the basis to address the molecular link between training parameters and memory focusing on the induction and maintenance of memory phases.
Despite its apparent simplicity, the soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a surprisingly large capacity to learn and remember.
Age-related memory impairment (AMI), also called aging associated memory impairment, is a normal condition observed in a wide variety of species from Caenorhabditis elegans to human.