The Southern Ocean circulation connects the ocean basins as well as the upper and deep layers of the ocean. As a result, the region has a profound influence on the global ocean circulation and climate.
An inherent feature of the climate is its strong variability on a vast range of timescales, from seasonal to multimillennial and beyond.
The past decade has seen tremendous progress in the application of ocean remote sensing to the study of the global ocean circulation.
Wunsch C. The Ocean circulation inverse problem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996;442. Zeebe RE, WolfGladrow D. CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes: Equilibrium, Kinetics. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 2002.
In: Goni, G.J., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. (Eds.), Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean. Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser., vol. 68. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 411–442, Chapter 16. Johnson, G.C., Zhang, D., 2003.
The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation.